Which theorist is associated with the concept of self-actualization?

The concept of self-actualization is most closely associated with Abraham Maslow. Maslow introduced this idea as a part of his hierarchy of needs, which is a psychological theory that categorizes human motivations into a five-tier model. At the top of this hierarchy is self-actualization, which represents the realization of an individual's potential, self-fulfillment, and personal growth. According to Maslow, self-actualization comes after basic physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging needs, and esteem needs have been met. This theory emphasizes that when individuals fully realize their capabilities and pursue their passions, they achieve a state of self-actualization, which is essential for their overall psychological health and well-being.

The other theorists mentioned focus on different aspects of motivation and workplace behavior. Victor H. Vroom is known for his expectancy theory, which explains how individuals make choices based on their expectations of outcomes. John Adams is notable for equity theory, which deals with fairness and equity in social exchanges. Frederick Herzberg developed the two-factor theory, distinguishing between hygiene factors and motivators in job satisfaction. Each of these theories contributes valuable insights into motivation but does not specifically address self-actualization as Maslow does.